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                                             BIOINFORMATICS COLLOQUIUM
						College of Science
                                              George Mason University
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				    Literature-related Discovery and Innovation
						 
                                                  Ronald Kostoff

   				                      MITRE

Abstract:

This presentation will summarize literature-related discovery and
innovation (LRDI).  LRDI fundamentally consists of two operational
components.  One is gathering of data, and the other is analyzing the
retrieved data.  Functionally, the analysis can be sub-divided into
Characterization and Discovery.

Characterization provides a snapshot of the retrieved literature at
the macro and micro levels.  These include identifying the technical
infrastructure (e.g., prolific authors, institutions, countries, key
journals, etc) and the technical structure (pervasive technical
thrusts, relationships among the thrusts).  Characterization can be
performed of a single core technology literature (e.g.,
nanotechnology), of a core literature and directly or indirectly
related literatures (e.g., transport and distribution logistics), or
of an institution's or country's technical literature.

Discovery can include actual technical and scientific discovery,
medical discovery, or knowledge discovery.  In LRDI, the generic type
of discovery is termed literature-related discovery.  It has two
components: literature-based discovery (LBD) and literature-assisted
discovery (LAD).  In LBD, discovery is generated by literature
analysis alone.  In LAD, discovery is generated by experts from
diverse disciplines identified by a front-end literature analysis
process.  We were the first group to generate true discovery using
LBD, and were the first group to use LAD for discovery.

Innovation is the process of identifying a discovery that has not been
exploited fully, and accelerating its implementation.   While our LRDI
focus so far has been on discovery, many potential discovery
candidates we identified that turned out to have been prior
discoveries could be classified as potential innovations.  They had
remained dormant for one reason or another, and our LRDI methods
showed paths to implementation.